Human immunodeficiency virus–associated neuropathy However, effective options for patients with gait and balance disorders include exercise and physical therapy.Īffective disorders and psychiatric conditions Evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for gait and balance disorders is limited because of the lack of standardized outcome measures determining gait and balance abilities. The most effective strategy for falls prevention involves a multifactorial evaluation followed by targeted interventions for identified contributing factors. Persons who have difficulty or demonstrate unsteadiness performing the Timed Up and Go test require further assessment, usually with a physical therapist, to help elucidate gait impairments and related functional limitations. The Timed Up and Go test is a fast and reliable diagnostic tool. For older adults who report a fall, physicians should ask about difficulties with gait and balance, and should observe for any gait or balance dysfunctions. Physicians caring for older patients should ask at least annually about falls, and should ask about or examine for difficulties with gait and balance at least once. Most changes in gait are related to underlying medical conditions and should not be considered an inevitable consequence of aging. Common causes include arthritis and orthostatic hypotension however, most gait and balance disorders involve multiple contributing factors. They are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as reduced level of function. Gait and balance disorders are common in older adults and are a major cause of falls in this population.
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